Slaughterhouse Five: Billy Pilgrim and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) :: Slaughterhouse Five, Kurt Vonnegut

Within the novel Slaughterhouse Five, by Kurt Vonnegut, the character Billy Pilgrim claims to have come unstuck in time. Having survived through being a captive of War and the destruction of Dresden during World War II, and having been a prisoner used to clear away debris of the destruction, there can be little doubtfulness that Pilgrims mental state was unstable. Furthermore, it may be concluded that Pilgrim, due to the effects of having been a Prisoner of War, and having been witness to the full magnitude of destruction, suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, which caused him to examine the events over and over during the course of his life. In order to understand how these factors, the destruction of Dresden and PTSD, came to make Billy Pilgrim unstuck in time, one must recap over the circumstances surrounding those events. The human mind is a part of the body which current science knows little about. Trigger mechanisms, and other factors within the conceiv er are relatively unknown to current humanity. Therefore, in order to produce a diagnostic on why Billy Pilgrim became unstuck in time, the proofreader of Slaughterhouse Five must come to terms with situations concerning the experiences described in the novel. Billy Pilgrim starts out, chronologically, as a fairly basic infantryman in the united States Army during the last Nazi offensive of the war, also known as the Battle of the Bulge (Vonnegut, 32). That battle resulted in fierce fighting, and also in massacres (such as the one that occurred near Malmedy, France), and the reader may be sure that there were men who became mentally unsound due to the effects of what they experienced there. Pilgrim is taken in by a group of soldiers who have found themselves behind the Nazi lines and are required to travel, by foot, back to friendly lines (Vonnegut, 32).According to what research exists, prankish hardship such as would exist on that journey could be enough to bring about a cas e of Acute Stress Disorder, moreover this combined with what followed afterward is certainly enough to bring about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (National Institute of Mental Health, Symptoms of PTSD). Again, look towards the following during the trek Billy Pilgrim doesnt move as quickly as the other soldiers desire to move, and so he is often lagging behind, and often the subject of scorn.

Computers Predicting the outcomes of cutting DNA :: Biology

The focus of this study is the interaction between desoxyribonucleic acid and I-Msol, an endonuclease. An endonuclease is a protein that cuts deoxyribonucleic acid at a certain installment with a certain length I-Msol cuts DNA at approximately 20-24 base pairs and is highly specific in what period it is designed to cut.The interaction between DNA and an endonuclease like I-Msol is difficult to determine just by looking at the amino acid sequence of the protein. The difficulty arises because of the many molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions are affected by how the protein specifically interacts with the DNA, 3-dimensionally. The best method of understanding these complexities is to create model that considers all these dynamics of the DNA/protein interaction. Thus, a I-Msol/DNA model was created in silico to study the areas of contact between the two macromolecules as well as what happened when changes were do to the base pairs of the DNA. In abstract * It is impossible to predict DNA and protein interaction by looking at the amino acid sequence * hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions alter amino acid sequence * I-Msol is a endonuclease, which cuts DNA around 20-24 base pairs with high specificity * Preliminary testing resulted in determining many of areas of contact between I-Msol and the DNA molecule * The researches made base pair substitutions that affected the interaction of the protein with the DNAResultsAfter the protein-DNA contacts were redesigned, indeed, in this complex, the amino acids that were likely to cause disruption were changed. These amino acids were categorized on kinship for the designed protein for the new site and the decrease in affinity for the original wild type I-Msol enzyme As from the table, the largest predicted change came from the -6C*G, + 6 C*G, because this automatically prevents take on hydrogen bonding. Different amino acids had different disruption pre dictions.Using a formula, the binding energies were calculated by using the value of the wild type and then subtracting the facilitate comparison. A difference map represented certain values such as electron density for the new amino acids. A jelly electrophoretic shift was done to observe the binding specificity.As the experiment indicates the experimental changes in binding affinities differed from the predicted ones. The results indicate that the future looks very bright for care for and biochemistry as the redesign of the of DNA complexes is predicted to allow us to make mass breakthroughs in the future.

We Wear the Mask :: essays research papers

We Wear the masquerade partyThere atomic number 18 sequences in life where we are forced to do something we do not very want to do. There are definite situations like this that come to my mind. Every so often, my family gets together. As a teenager, I do not want to be confined. I realize some of my relatives are a lot older than me and I should spend as much time with them as I can. When my family gets together, I frequently am forced to go to these events and put a smile on my face. I am acting. I am putting on my mask and pretending that I am happy. This kitschy face is the subject of Paul Laurence Dunbars poem, We Wear the Mask. Dunbar expresses his feelings on what Afro-Americans were forced to do a century ago. People thought they were happy doing the work they did for the clean-living culture. In reality, they were not. That is the point Dunbar tries to explain to his empathiseers.I have never published a poem attacking what my family makes me do and how I put on a j oyous face. Dunbar wrote We Wear the Mask in 1903, at the peak of resistance to the Jim gasconade laws. Granted, being forced to go to a family reunion is so fruitless compared to climbing out(a) of slavery. Fortunately, for African Americans, the turn of the 20th century was when they started to come out from behind the masks. We Wear the Mask was as important to the freedom faecal matter as the TV was for advertising, or the car was for transportation.Dunbar uses irony to express what the mask really is. As the poem opens, I for one was confused at what it was about. With no prior of Paul Laurence Dunbar, I had no idea what to expect. The opening lines of the poem read We wear the mask that grins and lies,It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes. My first thought was this poem was written by an avid actor. I believed he was explaining the difference between himself on and forth stage. It turns out I was totally wrong after reading through the rest of the poem. The mask is a symbol. It is a symbol of the heartache each African-American faced in the 19th century. The heartache they rarely displayed because of the fear of what would turn over to them if they began an uprising against the white culture.We Wear the Mask essays research papers We Wear the MaskThere are times in life where we are forced to do something we do not really want to do. There are certain situations like this that come to my mind. Every so often, my family gets together. As a teenager, I do not want to be confined. I realize some of my relatives are a lot older than me and I should spend as much time with them as I can. When my family gets together, I frequently am forced to go to these events and put a smile on my face. I am acting. I am putting on my mask and pretending that I am happy. This artificial face is the subject of Paul Laurence Dunbars poem, We Wear the Mask. Dunbar expresses his feelings on what African-Americans were forced to do a century ago. People thought they were happy doing the work they did for the white culture. In reality, they were not. That is the point Dunbar tries to explain to his readers.I have never published a poem attacking what my family makes me do and how I put on a joyous face. Dunbar wrote We Wear the Mask in 1903, at the peak of resistance to the Jim Crow laws. Granted, being forced to go to a family reunion is so trivial compared to climbing out of slavery. Fortunately, for African Americans, the turn of the 20th century was when they started to come out from behind the masks. We Wear the Mask was as important to the freedom movement as the TV was for advertising, or the car was for transportation.Dunbar uses irony to express what the mask really is. As the poem opens, I for one was confused at what it was about. With no prior of Paul Laurence Dunbar, I had no idea what to expect. The opening lines of the poem read We wear the mask that grins and lies,It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes. My first thought was thi s poem was written by an avid actor. I believed he was explaining the difference between himself on and off stage. It turns out I was totally wrong after reading through the rest of the poem. The mask is a symbol. It is a symbol of the heartache each African-American faced in the 19th century. The heartache they rarely displayed because of the fear of what would happen to them if they began an uprising against the white culture.